The common causes of infertility are:

FEMALE CAUSES

PCOD – a condition in which there is a hormonal imbalance resulting in anovulation, that is the egg is not released resulting in infertility. There may be other symptoms of PCOS as well and this may require proper treatment

GENITAL TUBERCULOSIS – genital tuberculosis results in blocked fallopian tubes and poor growth of the endometrium. Often, it is first diagnosed when the patient comes with the inability to conceive.

ENDOMETRIOSIS – endometriosis is a condition where the endometrial tissue is found outside the endometrium. It often causes intense pain in the periods, pain during intercourse,

HYPERPROLACTINEMIA – increased prolactin levels don’t allow pregnancy

THYROID PROBLEMS – hypothyroid or hyperthyroid can cause fertility issues

POOR OVARIAN RESERVE – age more than 35 causes a decline in the quality of eggs reducing the chances of pregnancy.

PREVIOUS PELVIC SURGERY – this may result in intense adhesions, scarring etc which can cause blocked tubes,

FIBROIDS AND POLYPS – can cause infertility and may require surgery

BLOCKED TUBES DUE TO PID – sometimes a chronic pelvis infection can result in blocked tubes

MALE CAUSES

Low sperm count due to undescended testes, genetic defects, childhood mumps, gonorrhea or medical conditions like diabetes can cause low sperm count

Problems with delivery of sperm due to premature ejaculation, infrequent sexual contact genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis etc can cause blockage of the male reproductive organs

Environmental toxins like cigarette smoking, hot saunas, alcohol, certain medications etc can cause an issue with fertility

TREATMENT MODALITIES AVAILABLE

COUNSELLING – sometimes counseling is all that is required. An explanation of a fertile period, small tips like weight control can make a vast difference

OVULATION INDUCTION – sometimes you may require simple drugs like letrozole or clomiphene etc to help you a bit

 IUI – in some selected cases IUI is done. In this you are given injections for ovulation, the semen is properly washed, prepared and inserted inside the uterus

IVF / ICSI – this is a process in which multiple injections are given, eggs are collected from the woman and impregnated with the sperms. The embryos are then transferred to the uterus.

DONOR GAMETES – in some cases donor egg or donor sperms may be required.